A build-up of plaque on the walls of our arteries is caused by a hardening/narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis) as we age, along with other medical conditions and health status.
The carotid arteries on the sides of the neck supply blood to the brain. When the blood flow in these arteries become blocked by plaque, a vascular surgeon can insert a stent (thin tube) inside the artery to reopen the blood supply.